fig2

Figure 2. Exercise-like responses in the skeletal muscle may be induced by drugs acting on PGC-1α expression and activity. Exercise modulates different pathways involved in the regulation of protein homeostasis and energy metabolism. During exercise, PGC-1α activation increased mitochondrial biogenesis, favoring oxidative capacity, and inhibits FoxO3, reducing proteasome-dependent degradation. Similarly to exercise, EPO and TMZ are able to activate energy sensors, such as AMPK and SIRT1, that induce PGC-1α and its downstream targets