fig6

Figure 6. Algorithm of hyperkalemia management^[48,149-154]. In the case of hyperkalemia, the treatment is based on the degree and reported symptoms. When patients are symptomatic for hyperkalemia, insulin, beta-2 agonist, and sodium bicarbonate should be considered. It is always useful to associate the identification and correction of the underlying cause. For a correct differential diagnosis, it is necessary to evaluate renal function through blood creatinine level. If elevated, evaluate uricemia, calcemia, and phosphatemia to distinguish between renal failure and tumor lysis syndrome. TLS: tumor lysis syndrome; TTKG: transtubular potassium gradient