fig1

Figure 1. Bitter melon and its constituents. A: Bitter melon vine and its fruit; B: Nutritive substances in bitter melon per 100 g. (Source: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE; FDC ID: 168393; NDB Number:11024; FDC: Published:4/1/2019); C: Chemical structure of some major cucurbitane-type triterpenoid and cucurbitane-type triterpene glycoside components.