fig1

Figure 1. Main steps in the surgical approach to injecting colon cancer cells in the murine distal colon. A: Isolation of the distal colon (outlined) using moist sterile cotton tip applicators with retraction of the abdominal wall and evisceration of abdominal organs; B: injection of 5 × 10⁶ HT-29 human colon cancer cells into the wall of the distal colon (arrow) using a 27-guage needle; C: applying pressure with a moist sterile cotton tip applicator at the injection site to prevent leakage and hemorrhage