fig3

Figure 3. Main characteristics of cancer cells. ↑: Activation; ↓: inhibition; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; PDH: pyruvate dehydrogenase; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; ECM: extracellular matrix; MMP: metalloproteases; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha.